Russia
Russia relies mainly on sanctions-era capital controls rather than on forced purchases of government debt. Non-residents from unfriendly states cannot transfer funds abroad and are paid into blocked rouble type-C accounts, foreign-currency cash withdrawals stay capped at USD 10,000 until March 2027, foreign securities are reserved for qualified investors, and from 2026 taking gold bars over 100 grams abroad needs an airport permit (except for companies exporting outside the EAEU) and individuals may not carry more than 1 million roubles in cash to neighbouring states. The monthly caps on residents' transfers abroad were lifted in December 2025, and exporters' mandatory sale of foreign currency was cut to zero in August 2025 and its last extension expired in April 2026. A new crypto law bans crypto payments and will from July 2027 confine residents' crypto trading to Russian-registered intermediaries; a signed Bank of Russia ordinance, not yet in effect, caps non-qualified investors' crypto purchases at 300,000 roubles a year per intermediary. Banks hold rouble government debt at a 0% risk weight and get capital relief for lending to state-selected projects, while the subsidised Family Mortgage steers credit at administered rates.
- 11 em vigor
- 2 aprovadas
- 0 proposta ou em discussão
Medidas em
Como o índice é construído
Cada segmento representa a contribuição de uma categoria de regras ou do pilar de mercado para o índice. A barra completa vale 100.
- Demanda cativa 0,0
- Financiamento pelo banco central 0,0
- Controles de capitais 11,9
- Tetos de juros 0,0
- Viés prudencial favorável à dívida soberana 4,0
- Crédito direcionado 6,0
- Incentivos fiscais 1,4
- Restrições a ativos reais 3,0
- Tributos sobre transações 0,0
- Pilar de mercado 0,0
Índice = 80% × regras (32,9) + 20% × mercado (0,0) = 26,3
O método em linguagem simples
- Pilar de regras (0–100). Cada uma das 9 categorias pode somar até o seu peso (os pesos somam 100). A intensidade de uma categoria cresce com cada medida em vigor: uma medida conta pelo seu fator de intensidade (0,25 para intensidade 1, 0,5 para 2, 0,8 para 3), e cada medida adicional preenche parte do espaço restante. Assim, a abrangência contribui com retornos decrescentes: duas medidas de intensidade 3 resultam em 96%.
- Pilar de mercado (0–100). Média dos indicadores de mercado abaixo: quanto a taxa básica de juros real é negativa e quanto da dívida pública é detido pelo próprio banco central e pelos bancos do país.
- Índice. 80% de regras + 20% de mercado quando há dados de mercado; caso contrário, apenas regras. Leis aprovadas que ainda não se aplicam entram apenas na perspectiva; propostas nunca entram.
As 9 categorias
Peso = máximo de pontos que uma categoria pode acrescentar ao pilar de regras. Intensidade = parcela desse peso preenchida pelas medidas em vigor. Abra uma categoria para ver as medidas contabilizadas; “O que é isto?” mostra os instrumentos por trás dela, no mundo e ao longo da história.
- Demanda cativaPeso 16Intensidade 0%Pontos 0,0
Manutenção obrigatória de dívida pública por fundos de pensão, seguradoras ou bancos. Nenhuma medida em vigor aqui. O que é isto? →
- Financiamento pelo banco centralPeso 16Intensidade 0%Pontos 0,0
Compras de dívida pública pelo banco central, controle da curva de juros, financiamento monetário direto. Nenhuma medida em vigor aqui. O que é isto? →
- 1 aprovada não contabilizadasPeso 16Intensidade 93%Pontos 11,9 → 12,6 quando as leis aprovadas passarem a se aplicar
Limites à transferência de dinheiro para o exterior, limites a investimentos no exterior, controles cambiais. O que é isto? →
Controles de capitais: medidas contabilizadas no índice Medida contabilizada Intensidade Fator Pontos 2 de 3 0,5 3,1 2 de 3 0,5 3,1 2 de 3 0,5 3,1 1 de 3 0,25 1,3 1 de 3 0,25 1,3 - Tetos de jurosPeso 14Intensidade 0%Pontos 0,0
Tetos ou limites de juros sobre depósitos ou empréstimos e taxas de juros administradas. Nenhuma medida em vigor aqui. O que é isto? →
- Peso 10Intensidade 50%Pontos 4,0
Regras prudenciais que favorecem a dívida soberana (ponderações de risco zero, regras de reservas de liquidez, isenções no índice de alavancagem). O que é isto? →
Viés prudencial favorável à dívida soberana: medidas contabilizadas no índice Medida contabilizada Intensidade Fator Pontos 2 de 3 0,5 4,0 - Peso 10Intensidade 75%Pontos 6,0
Empréstimos direcionados pelo Estado, orientação do crédito e exigências de investimento no país ou em prioridades estatais. O que é isto? →
Crédito direcionado: medidas contabilizadas no índice Medida contabilizada Intensidade Fator Pontos 2 de 3 0,5 3,0 2 de 3 0,5 3,0 - Peso 7Intensidade 25%Pontos 1,4
Privilégios tributários para títulos públicos ou penalidades tributárias sobre ativos concorrentes. O que é isto? →
Incentivos fiscais: medidas contabilizadas no índice Medida contabilizada Intensidade Fator Pontos 1 de 3 0,25 1,4 - 1 aprovada não contabilizadasPeso 6Intensidade 63%Pontos 3,0 → 3,9 quando as leis aprovadas passarem a se aplicar
Controles de aluguéis, restrições imobiliárias e limites à posse de ouro, dinheiro em espécie ou criptoativos. O que é isto? →
Restrições a ativos reais: medidas contabilizadas no índice Medida contabilizada Intensidade Fator Pontos 2 de 3 0,5 2,1 1 de 3 0,25 0,9 - Tributos sobre transaçõesPeso 5Intensidade 0%Pontos 0,0
Tributos sobre transações financeiras, impostos do selo e cobranças semelhantes sobre ativos não governamentais. Nenhuma medida em vigor aqui. O que é isto? →
Pilar de mercado 0,0 / 100
A média dos indicadores com dados disponíveis, com peso de 20% no índice (0,0 pontos aqui).
Taxa básica de juros real
0,0 / 1007,7% · ago. de 2026
Taxa básica de juros menos inflação. Uma taxa real de +2% ou mais recebe pontuação 0; −5% ou menos recebe 100; entre esses limites, a pontuação varia linearmente. Os poupadores perdem mais quando ela é muito negativa.
Taxa básica de juros de 14% menos inflação ao consumidor de 6.345% (em doze meses), 2026-08.
Dívida detida pelo banco central e por bancos nacionais
sem dadosParcela da dívida pública detida pelo banco central do país e pelos bancos nacionais. 0% recebe pontuação 0; 60% ou mais recebe 100; entre esses limites, a pontuação varia linearmente.
A divisão mais recente dos detentores residentes na base de investidores do FMI é de 2021-Q4, de mais de 2 anos atrás, por isso não é utilizada.
Indicadores
Dados observados de fontes internacionais, ao lado das regras acima. Juros reais abaixo de zero significam perda de poder de compra para os poupadores.
Taxa básica de juros, inflação e taxa real
Quem detém a dívida pública
O efeito de liquidação segue Reinhart e Sbrancia: com uma taxa real negativa, cerca de −(taxa real × dívida) do PIB são transferidos dos poupadores para o Estado a cada ano. O cálculo usa a taxa básica de juros, portanto deve ser tratado como uma estimativa aproximada. Fontes: BIS, BIS central bank policy rates; BIS consumer prices; IMF, IMF DataMapper: World Economic Outlook (October 2026); Fiscal Monitor (October 2026); Menzie D. Chinn and Hiro Ito, The Chinn-Ito Index (KAOPEN): a de jure measure of financial openness; IMF, Sovereign Debt Investor Base for Advanced Economies / for Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (Arslanalp and Tsuda).
Medidas
Todas as medidas acompanhadas aqui, com sua base legal e fontes. Apenas medidas em vigor entram no índice.
Em vigor (11)
Ban on using crypto as a means of payment
Acrescenta 2,1 pontos ao índice
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of 4 August 2026 on digital currencies and digital rights, in force from 1 September 2026, prohibits accepting digital currencies and digital rights as payment for goods, work or services in Russia unless the law provides otherwise, and bans advertising their use as payment. Exceptions include payments under foreign-trade contracts between residents and non-residents.
Por que entra no cálculo: Keeping crypto out of domestic payments stops it from serving as a parallel currency to the rouble while still letting the state use it to settle sanctioned foreign trade.
Base legal Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 1(6), (7) and (9) e mais 1
Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 1(6), (7) and (9)Fonte primária
“В Российской Федерации запрещается принимать, если иное не установлено настоящим Федеральным законом, цифровые валюты и цифровые права в качестве средства платежа”
Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 56(1)Fonte primária
“Настоящий Федеральный закон вступает в силу с 1 сентября 2026 года, за исключением положений, для которых настоящей статьей установлены иные сроки вступления их в силу.”
Bank of Russia permit for residents' capital contributions to foreign companies
Acrescenta 1,3 pontos ao índice
Residents need an individual Bank of Russia permit to pay for shares, contributions or units in the property of a non-resident legal entity when the payments to that entity, counted since 1 April 2024, exceed 30 million roubles; the threshold was raised from 15 million roubles from 1 July 2026. The same applies to contributions to non-residents under simple partnership agreements.
Por que entra no cálculo: A permit requirement on outward direct investment slows and screens the movement of domestic savings and corporate capital into foreign assets.
Base legal Bank of Russia decision on residents' contributions to the capital of foreign companies (press release 1 June 2026)
Bank of Russia decision on residents' contributions to the capital of foreign companies (press release 1 June 2026)Fonte primária
“не требуется получать индивидуальное разрешение Банка России на оплату долей, вкладов и паев в имуществе нерезидентов, если сумма таких операций в пользу одного юридического лица не превышает 30 млн рублей”
Ban on taking gold bars over 100 grams out of Russia without a permit
Acrescenta 0,9 pontos ao índice
Since 1 May 2026 individuals, companies and sole traders may not take refined gold bars weighing more than 100 grams in total out of Russia. Exports to EAEU states, and individuals' exports to other countries, are allowed only through four airports (Moscow Vnukovo, Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vladivostok Knevichi) with a permit from the Federal Assay Chamber; exports by companies and sole traders to non-EAEU states are exempt, as are credit institutions.
Por que entra no cálculo: Physical gold, a main inflation and sanctions hedge for Russian savers, can be bought at home but not freely carried abroad, so it cannot serve as an exit route for savings.
Base legal Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25.03.2026 № 193 «Об особом порядке вывоза наличной валюты Российской Федерации и аффинированного золота в слитках из Российской Федерации» (ред. от 29.09.2026 № 706), Paragraph 2
Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25.03.2026 № 193 «Об особом порядке вывоза наличной валюты Российской Федерации и аффинированного золота в слитках из Российской Федерации» (ред. от 29.09.2026 № 706), Paragraph 2Fonte primária
“Установить с 1 мая 2026 г. запрет на вывоз из Российской Федерации физическими лицами, юридическими лицами и индивидуальными предпринимателями аффинированного золота в слитках общим весом более 100 граммов”
Ban on carrying over 1 million roubles in cash to EAEU and Central Asian neighbours
Acrescenta 1,3 pontos ao índice
From 1 April 2026 individuals could not take rouble cash worth more than the equivalent of USD 100,000 to EAEU member states. Decree No. 706 of 29 September 2026, in force on signing, replaced this with a ban on individuals taking more than 1 million roubles in cash, and companies any amount, to EAEU states, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, except through designated airports with bank statements proving withdrawal from an account; cash above the limit is seized.
Por que entra no cálculo: Closing the land route for carrying rouble cash to neighbouring countries, where it can be converted into foreign currency, blocks an informal channel for moving savings out of Russia.
Base legal Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25.03.2026 № 193 (ред. от 29.09.2026 № 706), Paragraphs 1 and 1.1 e mais 1
Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25.03.2026 № 193 (ред. от 29.09.2026 № 706), Paragraphs 1 and 1.1Fonte primária
“Азербайджанскую Республику, Республику Таджикистан и Республику Узбекистан наличной валюты Российской Федерации физическими лицами в сумме, превышающей 1 млн. рублей”
Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 25.03.2026 № 193 (original wording, as summarised by the official legal information portal), Paragraph 1Fonte primária
“С 1 апреля 2026 г. установлен запрет на вывоз из Российской Федерации в государства - члены Евразийского экономического союза наличной валюты Российской Федерации физическими лицами”
Zero capital risk weight for rouble claims on the state
Acrescenta 4,0 pontos ao índice
Bank of Russia Instruction No. 220-I on mandatory ratios of banks with a universal licence weights at 0% rouble-denominated and rouble-funded claims on the Russian Federation, federal executive bodies and the Bank of Russia, and the part of claims secured by rouble state guarantees or by a pledge of rouble government debt securities (at 80% of fair value).
Por que entra no cálculo: Banks can hold federal government bonds (OFZ) and lend to the state without a credit-risk capital charge, making government paper cheaper to hold than private lending.
Base legal Инструкция Банка России от 26.05.2025 № 220-И «Об обязательных нормативах и надбавках к нормативам достаточности собственных средств (капитала) банков с универсальной лицензией и об осуществлении Банком России надзора за их соблюдением», Subparagraph 2.3.1.1
Инструкция Банка России от 26.05.2025 № 220-И «Об обязательных нормативах и надбавках к нормативам достаточности собственных средств (капитала) банков с универсальной лицензией и об осуществлении Банком России надзора за их соблюдением», Subparagraph 2.3.1.1Fonte primária
“С коэффициентом риска 0 процентов взвешиваются номинированные и фондированные в рублях кредитные требования и требования по получению начисленных (накопленных) процентов”
Capital relief for bank lending to state-priority projects
Acrescenta 3,0 pontos ao índice
Banks that meet buffer and soundness conditions may apply a downward adjustment to credit and market risk on rouble loans and bonds financing 'technological sovereignty' and 'structural adaptation' projects listed under Government Resolution No. 603 of 15 April 2023, and on sustainable-development projects. Loans to projects in the investment phase under the VEB.RF 'project finance' mechanism are weighted at 100% instead of the 130% that applies to other investment-phase project finance, a rule that applies until 31 December 2028.
Por que entra no cálculo: Lower capital charges make it cheaper for banks to fund projects the government has selected, steering credit toward state priorities rather than market-chosen borrowers.
Base legal Инструкция Банка России от 26.05.2025 № 220-И, Subparagraphs 2.1.2 and 2.1.2.1; subparagraph 2.3.4.3; paragraph 11.2
Инструкция Банка России от 26.05.2025 № 220-И, Subparagraphs 2.1.2 and 2.1.2.1; subparagraph 2.3.4.3; paragraph 11.2Fonte primária
“Расчет корректировки величин кредитного и рыночного рисков по проектам ТС и САЭ и (или) проектам УР определен в приложении 10 к настоящей Инструкции.”
Foreign securities reserved for qualified investors
Acrescenta 3,1 pontos ao índice
Since 1 January 2025 foreign securities may be bought only by qualified investors, except securities of issuers from Eurasian Economic Union countries and international financial organisations that are held only in Russian or EAEU infrastructure; deliverable derivatives on restricted foreign assets are also reserved for qualified investors. Non-qualified investors may keep or sell what they already hold. The rule, first set by Bank of Russia Ordinance 6885-U, is now in Ordinance 7250-U of 27 November 2025, in force since 30 May 2026.
Por que entra no cálculo: Most retail savers lose the option of diversifying into foreign shares and bonds through Russian brokers, which keeps their investable savings in rouble assets, including government bonds.
Base legal Указание Банка России от 27.11.2025 № 7250-У (replaces Ordinance 6885-U), Вестник Банка России № 15 (2604), Paragraph 1, subparagraph 1.1 (and paragraph 2)
Указание Банка России от 27.11.2025 № 7250-У (replaces Ordinance 6885-U), Вестник Банка России № 15 (2604), Paragraph 1, subparagraph 1.1 (and paragraph 2)Fonte primária
“Ценные бумаги, эмитентом которых (лицом, обязанным по которым) является лицо, зарегистрированное в иностранном государстве.”
Tax deductions for long-term domestic savings (IIS-3, Long-Term Savings Programme)
Acrescenta 1,4 pontos ao índice
Article 219.2 of the Tax Code, added by Federal Law No. 58-FZ of 23 March 2024, gives a personal income tax deduction for contributions to type-III individual investment accounts (IIS) opened from 1 January 2024, to the state-co-financed Long-Term Savings Programme and to non-state pension contracts, up to 400,000 roubles a year in total; Federal Law No. 418-FZ of 17 November 2025 added long-term life insurance and lets the cap rise to 500,000 roubles where the excess is contributions for the taxpayer's children. Investment gains on an IIS-3 are also deductible once the account has run for the statutory minimum term, and early termination claws back the relief.
Por que entra no cálculo: Tax relief and state co-financing reward savers for locking money for ten years or more in accounts with Russian brokers and pension funds, keeping it inside the domestic financial system that also finances the state.
Base legal Federal Law No. 418-FZ of 17.11.2025 amending Tax Code Article 219.2, Tax Code Article 219.2(2)(1) as amended by Federal Law No. 418-FZ of 17.11.2025 (Article 2(6))
Federal Law No. 418-FZ of 17.11.2025 amending Tax Code Article 219.2, Tax Code Article 219.2(2)(1) as amended by Federal Law No. 418-FZ of 17.11.2025 (Article 2(6))Fonte primária
“налоговые вычеты предоставляются в совокупной сумме не более 400 000 рублей за налоговый период, если иное не предусмотрено настоящим подпунктом”
Transfer ban and type-C accounts for non-residents from unfriendly states
Acrescenta 3,1 pontos ao índice
Payments by Russian debtors above 10 million roubles a month to creditors from unfriendly states go into blocked rouble 'type C' accounts whose regime is set by the Bank of Russia. Legal entities and non-working individuals from unfriendly states may not transfer funds abroad, and those working in Russia only up to their salary; the Bank of Russia has kept these limits until 7 December 2026, and transfers from brokerage and trust-management accounts stay suspended for another six months from 1 October 2026.
Por que entra no cálculo: Foreign holders of Russian assets cannot freely repatriate income or sale proceeds, so their money stays locked in roubles inside the Russian financial system.
Base legal Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 05.03.2022 № 95 «О временном порядке исполнения обязательств перед некоторыми иностранными кредиторами», Paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 e mais 1
Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 05.03.2022 № 95 «О временном порядке исполнения обязательств перед некоторыми иностранными кредиторами», Paragraphs 2, 3 and 5Fonte primária
“Режим счета типа "С" устанавливается решением Совета директоров Центрального банка Российской Федерации”
Bank of Russia decision on restrictions on transfers abroad by non-residents from unfriendly states (press release 1 June 2026)Fonte primária
“запрет на перевод средств за рубеж для не работающих в России физических лиц – нерезидентов из недружественных стран, а также для юридических лиц из таких государств”
Limits on withdrawing and exporting foreign-currency cash
Acrescenta 3,1 pontos ao índice
Individuals whose foreign-currency account or deposit was opened before 9 March 2022 may withdraw foreign cash only up to the balance on that date and at most USD 10,000 (or the euro equivalent), once; other funds are paid out in roubles. The Bank of Russia has kept this restriction until 9 March 2027. Separately, residents and non-residents may not take more than the equivalent of USD 10,000 in foreign-currency cash out of Russia.
Por que entra no cálculo: Savers cannot turn foreign-currency deposits into physical dollars or euros or carry larger amounts abroad, so FX savings stay as claims on Russian banks and are often converted into roubles at payout.
Base legal Bank of Russia decision on foreign cash withdrawals (press release 1 September 2026) e mais 1
Bank of Russia decision on foreign cash withdrawals (press release 1 September 2026)Fonte primária
“сохраняется лимит на снятие валюты в сумме остатка денежных средств на 00:00 по московскому времени указанной даты, но не более 10 тыс. долларов США или эквивалентной суммы в евро”
Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 01.03.2022 № 81 «О дополнительных временных мерах экономического характера по обеспечению финансовой стабильности Российской Федерации», Paragraph 1(ж)Fonte primária
“запретить со 2 марта 2022 г. вывоз из Российской Федерации наличной иностранной валюты и (или) денежных инструментов в иностранной валюте в сумме, превышающей эквивалент 10 тыс. долларов США”
State-subsidised 'Family Mortgage' at below-market rates
Acrescenta 3,0 pontos ao índice
The state compensates banks so that families with children can borrow for housing at fixed preferential rates; the programme runs until 31 December 2030. For new contracts from 1 October 2026 the rate depends on the number of children and region, from 2% to 10% outside the four capital regions and from 4% to 12% in Moscow, St Petersburg and their regions, with loan caps of 6 to 18 million roubles and subsidy for at most 15 years; loans to build a private house stay at 6%.
Por que entra no cálculo: Budget-funded interest subsidies channel a large share of bank credit into state-chosen housing lending at administered rates far below the key rate, distorting credit allocation and binding banks' funding to a fiscal programme.
Base legal Ministry of Finance of Russia: approved changes to the Family Mortgage programme (subsidy decision No. 25-67381-01850-Р, version of 22.09.2026)
Ministry of Finance of Russia: approved changes to the Family Mortgage programme (subsidy decision No. 25-67381-01850-Р, version of 22.09.2026)Fonte primária
“Ключевые изменения – дифференциация процентной ставки по кредиту и максимальной суммы кредита для приобретения жилья.”
Aprovada, ainda não em vigor (2)
Annual cap on crypto purchases by non-qualified investors (300,000 roubles per intermediary)
Conta apenas na perspectiva: acrescenta 1,6 pontos quando passar a se aplicar
Federal Law No. 282-FZ lets a broker buy crypto for a non-qualified resident only after a passed test (for individuals), a risk notice, within an annual amount set by the Bank of Russia, and only for crypto admitted to public trading on an organised exchange. Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 7441-U of 11 September 2026 sets that limit at 300,000 roubles a year per intermediary and admits Bitcoin, Ether and Tether USDT to public trading; it takes effect 10 days after official publication, and as of October 2026 it was still awaiting registration with the Ministry of Justice.
Por que entra no cálculo: A hard rouble cap on retail crypto purchases limits how much household saving can move into crypto, including dollar stablecoins, as a hedge against rouble inflation.
Base legal Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 31(1) e mais 1
Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 31(1)Fonte primária
“в течение календарного года, не превышает предельной суммы, установленной Банком России”
Указание Банка России от 11.09.2026 № 7441-У, Paragraph 2Fonte primária
“составляет 300 тысяч рублей”
Crypto trading only through Russian-registered intermediaries, with limits on transfers to private wallets
Conta apenas na perspectiva: acrescenta 4,8 pontos quando passar a se aplicar
Under Federal Law No. 282-FZ, residents that are not themselves crypto intermediaries may buy, sell or exchange crypto only through or with Russian-registered intermediaries (brokers, exchangers, digital depositories), with exceptions such as foreign-trade payments and mining; this rule (Article 30(1)), and Article 21 on restricting payments to illegally organised crypto platforms, apply from 1 July 2027. A digital depository may let a resident move crypto to an address no depository administers only in listed cases, for an individual only after a risk notice and a passed test, and then only to an address administered by an authorised foreign organisation unless the Bank of Russia provides otherwise.
Por que entra no cálculo: Funnelling all crypto activity through Bank-of-Russia-registered intermediaries and restricting moves to self-custody closes crypto as an unmonitored route out of the rouble and the capital controls.
Base legal Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 30(1) e mais 2
Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 30(1)Fonte primária
“Резиденты, не являющиеся лицами, организующими обращение цифровых валют, вправе совершать сделки и операции с цифровыми валютами только через лиц, организующих обращение цифровых валют, или с ними”
Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 56(2)Fonte primária
“Часть 3 статьи 1, статья 21 и часть 1 статьи 30 настоящего Федерального закона вступают в силу с 1 июля 2027 года.”
Федеральный закон от 04.08.2026 № 282-ФЗ «О цифровых валютах и цифровых правах», Article 31(8)-(9)Fonte primária
“на адрес-идентификатор, не администрируемый ни одним из цифровых депозитариев, только в следующих случаях”
Revogada (2)
Mandatory repatriation and sale of export proceeds by largest exporters (zeroed August 2025)
Não entra no índice
A presidential decree of October 2023 required the largest exporters in energy, metals, chemicals, timber and grain to repatriate and sell part of their foreign-currency proceeds on the domestic market; the last parameters were at least 40% credited to accounts with authorised banks and at least 90% of that sold. Government Resolution No. 1210 of 14 August 2025 cut the required repatriation and sale to zero, and the extension in Resolution No. 698 ran only until 30 April 2026. In June 2026 the Finance Minister said an extension to 2029 had been prepared, but no signed act extending or reactivating the requirement has been published.
Por que entra no cálculo: Forcing exporters to sell foreign currency at home supported the rouble and kept export earnings inside the Russian financial system instead of abroad; the mechanism remains a standby tool that the government can reactivate.
Base legal Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 14.08.2025 № 1210 (amending Resolution No. 698 of 22.05.2025)
Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 14.08.2025 № 1210 (amending Resolution No. 698 of 22.05.2025)Fonte primária
“Для российских экспортёров снижен до нуля размер обязательной репатриации и продажи валютной выручки.”
Monthly caps on residents' transfers abroad (lifted December 2025)
Não entra no índice
From March 2022 the Bank of Russia capped how much Russian citizens and individuals from friendly states could send to foreign bank accounts; by 2025 the cap was USD 1 million a month, plus USD 10,000 a month through money-transfer systems. The Bank of Russia lifted these limits from 8 December 2025, citing the stable situation on the currency market.
Por que entra no cálculo: The caps kept household savings in the domestic banking system and stopped large-scale flight into foreign accounts; their removal shows the control was used as a crisis tool that can be reinstated by a Bank of Russia decision.
Base legal Bank of Russia decision lifting limits on transfers abroad (press release 5 December 2025) e mais 1
Bank of Russia decision lifting limits on transfers abroad (press release 5 December 2025)Fonte primária
“с 8 декабря 2025 года Банк России отменяет ранее установленные лимиты на переводы иностранной валюты за рубеж для граждан России и физических лиц – нерезидентов из дружественных стран”
Bank of Russia decision extending limits on transfers abroad (press release 26 September 2025)Fonte primária
“смогут в течение месяца перевести на любые счета в зарубежных банках не более 1 млн долларов США или эквивалент в другой иностранной валюте”
Antes de hoje
Um exemplo de Russia no conjunto de instrumentos, do passado e do presente, agrupado conforme a função do instrumento. Inclui links para o instrumento, seus outros exemplos e a lei citada.
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Controles de capitais
Exigências de entrega e repatriação de moeda estrangeira e ouroУказ Президента РФ от 28.02.2022 № 79, п. 1 (mandatory sale of 80% of export foreign-currency proceeds)
2022Históricas